Local area network
local area network is a computer network covering a small geographic area, like a home, office, or group of buildings e.g. a school. The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to Wide Area Networks (WANs), include their much higher data transfer rates, smaller geographic range, and lack of a need for leased telecommunication lines.
Ethernet over unshielded twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently, but ARCNET, Token Ring and many others have been used in the past.
Evolution of lan
The first LAN put into service occurred in 1964 at the Livermore Laboratory to support atomic weapons research. LANs spread to the public sector in the late 1970s and were used to create high-speed links between several large central computers at one site. Of many competing systems created at this time, Ethernet and ARCNET were the most popular.
The development and proliferation of CP/M and then DOS-based personal computers meant that a single site began to have dozens or even hundreds of computers. The initial attraction of networking these was generally to share disk space and laser printers, which were both very expensive at the time. There was much enthusiasm for the concept and for several years, from about 1983 onward, computer industry pundits would regularly declare the coming year to be “the year of the LAN”.
In reality, the concept was marred by proliferation of incompatible physical layer and network protocol implementations, and confusion over how best to share resources. Typically, each vendor would have its own type of network card, cabling, protocol, and network operating system. A solution appeared with the advent of Novell NetWare which provided even-handed support for the 40 or so competing card/cable types, and a much more sophisticated operating system than most of its competitors. Netware dominated[1] the personal computer LAN business from early after its introduction in 1983 until the mid 1990s when Microsoft introduced Windows NT Advanced Server and Windows for Workgroups.
Of the competitors to NetWare, only Banyan Vines had comparable technical strengths, but Banyan never gained a secure base. Microsoft and 3Com worked together to create a simple network operating system which formed the base of 3Com's 3+Share, Microsoft's LAN Manager and IBM's LAN Server. None of these were particularly successful.
In this same timeframe, Unix computer workstations from vendors such as Sun Microsystems, Hewlett-Packard, Silicon Graphics, Intergraph, NeXT and Apollo were using TCP/IP based networking. Although this market segment is now much reduced, the technologies developed in this area continue to be influential on the Internet and in both Linux and Apple Mac OS X networking—and the TCP/IP protocol has now almost completely replaced IPX, AppleTalk, NBF and other protocols used by the early PC LANs.
Initially, LANs were limited to a range of 185 meters or 600 feet and could not include more than 30 computers. Today, a LAN could connect a max of 1024 computers at a max distance of 900 meters or 2700 feet.
Friday, March 14, 2008
CORE OF NETWORKING
Networking in buisness for Entrepreneurs
Networking is an essential skill for most business people, but especially for entrepreneurs. The strong association between the entrepreneur as a person and his or her business demands that entrepreneurs get out into the world and create and maintain business relationships. Here are some tips and resources to help you improve your networking skills and extend your reach.
Business Network International
BNI is one of the oldest and certainly the world's largest business networking and referral organization. Over 2,700 chapters around the world offer their members an environment in which to develop personal relationships with other, non-competing businesspeople.
Why Business Plans Don't Get Funded
There are plenty of business plan resources available on the Web. Most of them focus on what to do, but many times the best lessons are learned from mistakes and seeing how to avoid them. Guest author Akira Hirai takes a look at the most common, easily avoidable mistakes that will keep investors from funding your project.
CORE OF NETWORKING
Some Important Network Components
What Is a Router?
A router is a small hardware device that joins multiple networks together. These networks can include wired or wireless home networks, and the Internet.
Top 802.11g Wireless Routers for Home
The 802.11g standard supports much faster peer networking than the older 802.11b standard. These routers are designed to share a broadband Internet connection and usually contain a built-in firewall, DHCP server, and network switch.
Introduction to Hubs
A hub is a very simple hardware device that supports basic file sharing between computers connected with network cables.
What Is a Network Switch?
A network switches is a small hardware device that join multiple computers together at a low-level network protocol layer. Switches differ in capability from both hubs and routers.
What is the Difference Between a Hub and a Switch?
Switches are "smarter" than hubs, but what does that really mean? This article explains the difference between using hubs and switches in home computer networks.
FireWire - IEEE 1394
FireWire is a high performance networking standard based on a serial bus architecture similar to USB. You can use FireWire cables and connections for fast local file transfer.
What Is a Layer 3 Switch?
Traditional network switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model while network routers operate at Layer 3. This often leads to confusion over the definition of Layer 3 switch. Layer 3 switches actually differ very little from routers.
PCMCIA
PCMCIA is an industry organization best known for developing a standard network adapter called the PC Card. Many notebook computers contain two PCMCIA slots that hold one or two of these cards.
Bridge
In computer networking, a bridge divides a LAN into two segments, selectively forwarding traffic across the network boundary it defines. A bridge is not quite the same as a switch.
Repeater
Repeaters extend the distance a network can span by ensuring good signal quality.
RS-232
RS-232 is a telecommunications standard for connecting certain types of electronic equipment. RS-232 interfaces called ports are used on many older PC computers and modems.
Information On IP Addresses
How to find, change, hide and otherwise work with IP addresses
IP addresses are the fundamental method for computers to identify themselves on most computer networks. Every computer (or other network device) connected to the Internet has an IP address. This tutorial explains the basics of finding, changing, and hiding (your) my IP addresses.
Inside IP Addresses
IP addresses are written in a notation using numbers separated by dots. This is called "dotted-decimal" notation. Examples of IP addresses in dotted-decimal notation are 10.0.0.1 and 192.168.0.1 although many millions of different IP addresses exist.
Why Choose EDraw to Draw Network Diagrams
Network Diagrams such as home network diagram, wireless network diagram, network cable diagrams, logical network diagrams, network wiring diagrams, LAN network diagrams, activity network diagrams, network topology diagrams, local network area diagrams, network physical diagrams, network security diagrams, network wan diagrams, network wiring cable diagrams, network cabling diagrams, and network voip diagrams are very complicated to hand-draw. EDraw provides all-inclusive collection of templates, symbols and computer clip-art images to rapidly create diagrams such as Motherboards, Network Topologies, Peer-to-Peer (P2P), LAN/WAN Design and Network Cabling. It will helps creating computer network diagrams within minutes, comprises 2D and 3D networking symbols, block diagramming symbols and Cisco network symbols. It can create customized libraries of network components, and can draw detailed network diagram showing placements of network equipment and their logical and physical connection and arrangement. EDraw enable sharing network diagrams on the web or in a business presentation enhancing business communication.
Why Choose EDraw to Draw Network Diagrams
Network Protocols
In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol. Yet another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols to support specific applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.
Network Protocols
Two Types Of Network Design
The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.
Two Types Of Network Design
Wired vs Wireless Networking
Many of the same network protocols, like TCP/IP, work in both wired and wireless networks. Networks with Ethernet cables predominated in businesses, schools, and homes for several decades. Recently, however, wireless networking alternatives have emerged as the premier technology for building new
Saturday, January 26, 2008
Zero ink printing technology
Thursday, January 24, 2008
COMPANIES VISITING IN THAPAR INSTITUTE FOR TRAINING OR INTERNSHIP:
ARICENT/FLEXTRONICS:
Aricent, previously the software
development and solutions business of Flextronics
International Ltd., was launched after acquiring 85% of the business on
Flextronics is retaining 15%
ownership. approximately $900 million is
the transaction value of buisness the company.
predecessor of arricent was, Hughes Software Systems, which was established
in 1991. The company became Flextronics Software Systems in 2004, when
it and other companies were acquired by Flextronics.In 2004 flex acquired Frog
Design which is a creative consulting firm and has been part of the software
development and solutions business since the summer of 2005. Frog design has
identified emerging market opportunities and transformed ideas to products for
almost four dedades, and continues to operate as an independent division of
Aricent.
DRDO (DEFENSE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
ORGANISATION):
Defence Research and Development (DRDO) was found in 1958 .Amalgamation
of the then already functioning Technical Development Establishment (TDEs) of
the Indian Army and the Directorate of Technical Development & Production
(DTDP) with the Defence Science Organisation (DSO) was foundation of this
company. Earlier it was a small organisation with 10 establishments or
laboratories. It has grown multi-directionally in terms of the variety of
subject disciplines, number of laboratories, achievements and stature.
Today, DRDO is a network of laboratories which are deeply engaged in developing
defence technologies covering various disciplines, like aeronautics, armaments,
electronics, combat vehicles, engineering systems, instrumentation, missiles,
advanced computing and simulation, special materials, naval systems, life
sciences, training, information systems and agriculture. Presently, the
Organisation is backed by over 5000 scientists and about 25,000 other
scientific, technical and supporting personnel. Several major projects for the
development of missiles, armaments, light combat aircrafts, radars, electronic
warfare systems etc are on hand and significant achievements have already been
made in several such technologies.
http://rac.drdo.in/
CSIO: http://www.csio.nic.in/
Central
Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIO) is a premier national laboratory.
This laboratory is dedicated to research, design and development of
scientific and industrial instruments. It is one of the constituent
laboratories of the Council of
Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)( a multi-disciplinary
and multi-dimensional apex industrial research & development organisation
the country. ) in
1959. CSIO was chartered to stimulate the growth of indigenous instrument
industry in the country through development of contemporary technologies and
other scientific & technological assistance.
It wasnitially located at
Campus (spread over an area of approximately 120 acres) comprises of
Indo-Swiss Training Centre and a Housing Complex. An austere four-storey
building and the accompanying workshops were inaugurated in December 1967.
Another four-storey block was added in 1976 for housing R&D
Divisions, Library, etc. During mid-eighties, the laboratory buildings and
infrastructural facilities were modernized in order to gear the Institute
towards taking up development projects in challenging and emerging areas of
technology. A separate Administrative Block was inaugurated in September
1994.
ST: http://www.st.com/stonline/
STMicroelectronics is one of the world’s largest
semiconductor companies with net revenues of US$9.85 billion in 2006 and
US$4.69 billion for the first half of 2007.
The Company’s sales are well balanced between the
semiconductor industry’s five major high-growth sectors (percentage of ST’s
sales in 2007): Communications (35%), Consumer (17%), Computer (16%),
Automotive (16%) and Industrial (16%).
According to the latest industry data, ST is the
world’s fifth largest semiconductor company with market leadership in many
fields. For example, ST is the leading producer of application-specific analog
chips and power conversion devices. It is also the #1 supplier of
semiconductors for the Industrial market and for set-top box applications, and
occupies leading positions in fields as varied as discrete devices, camera
modules for mobile phones and automotive integrated circuits.
Freescale:
Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. is an American semiconductor manufacturer.
Freescale is among the Worldwide Top 20 Semiconductor Sales
Leaders.
It was created by the divestiture of the
Semiconductor Products Sector of Motorola in 2004.
Freescale automotive, embedded and communications electronic circuit
products . . The purchase, which closed on December 1,
2006, is reportedly the
largest private buyout of a technology company and one of the ten largest buyouts of all time.
Cadence:
Cadence Design Systems is an electronic design automation (EDA) software
and engineering services company. It was founded in 1988 by the merger of SDA
Systems and ECAD, Inc. It has been the largest company in the EDA industry
since many years.Cadence, headquartered in San Jose, California, is a large (currently the
largest) supplier of electronic design technologies and engineering
services. The primary corporate product is software used to design chips and
printed circuit boards
Cadence employs approximately 5,200 people and
reported 2006 revenues of approximately $1.48 billion. As of 2007, Cadence's
major competitors are Synopsys, Mentor Graphics
and Magma Design Automation.Since May 2004, Michael Fister
has served as President and CEO of the company. Dr. John Shoven
was elected Chairman of the board in July 2005. He replaced the retiring Ray
Bingham.
TI:
Texas Instruments is well known electronics industry. It is an American
company based in Dallas, Texas,
USA,
renowned for developing and commercializing semiconductor
and computer
technology. TI is the No. 3 manufacturer of semiconductors worldwide after Intel and Samsung
group. It isthe top supplier of chips for cellular handsets,
as well as the No. 1 producer of digital signal processors (DSPs) and analog
semiconductors. Other manufacturing areas include chips for broadband
modems,
PC peripherals,
digital consumer devices, telecommunication
infrastructure, and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). In 2006company
was listed at number 167 on the Fortune 500.
Samtel:
NEW FRIENDS COLONY
110065
t: 26842791
Samtel India Ltd. is the largest Indian
integrated manufacturer of a wide range of display devices like Colour and
B&W TV picture tubes, CRT glass, electron guns, heaters and cathodes,
deflection yokes and display monitors.
TBRL (terminal ballastics research laboratory):
areas of work are
- Performance of
armour defeating projectiles and immunity profiles - Studies of ground shock, blast damage, fragmentation
and lethality - Preparation of safety templates for various weapons
- Studies of underwater detonics and pressure wave
propagation - Explosive forming, cladding and welding
Detonics of
high explosives
BILT
BILT is the largest and most respected paper company in
India.This company is leader in the segments of writing and printing paper. It
also enjoys a sustainable presence in the key global markets. BILT has evolved
as a knowledge driven and customer centric organization in recent yars.
Backed by the $1.5bn Thapar Group,one of
leading corporate houses, NewQuest Process Outsourcing takes on the mantle of
leading the Group's foray into the BPO industry. In the coming months, NewQuest
aims to be one of
solutions in the area of Healthcare, Finance and Accounts, Human Resources and
Financial Services
Samsung Engineering:
Samsung Engineering Co., Ltd. the first and largest domestic engineering
firm, was established in 1970
.Its headquarters are based in Seoul,
South Korea.
As an engineering, procurement and construction , it provides a full range of
engineering services including feasibility studies, design, procurement,
construction, facility operation and management. The Company has branches of
bisness in Thailand,
Indonesia,
Taiwan,
India, Vietnam,
China, Mexico and the Middle East.
Its projects include the construction of petrochemical
and oil refinery
plants and gas production facilities. Company participates in various projects
on a turnkey
basis, ranging from power plants to electronics, automobile, chemicals and food
production plants in industrial plant construction. In addition, Samsung
Engineering constructs water treatment systems for semiconductor
and power plants,
sewage treatment
facilities and other projects. During the year ended
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Placement Industries
TYPES OF INDUSTRIES:
Advertising/event management/PR/MR
Agriculture/Diary
Auto Ancillaries/Auto components
Automobiles
Banking
BPO
Call Centre
Capital Goods
Cement
Chemical
Construction /Real Estate
Customer Goods – Durables
Electrical and Electronics
Engineerinf
Export Houses
Financial Services
FMCG
Food Processing/Beverages
Garment /Textiles / Accessories
Hospitals/Health Care
Hotels / Resorts
Institutes engineering
Institutes- Management/others
Institute-Schools
Insurance
IT Industry
Logistics/Transportation
Management Consultants
Media & Entertainment/Publishing
Mutual fund/Stock broking
Paints
Petrochemicals/Oil/Gas/Refineries
Pharmaceuticals/Biotech/Research
Placement/HR Consultants
Telecommunication
Travel Tourism
For More information go to http://www.fundoodata.com/
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1ST DAY OF 6TH SEM
FINNALY AFTER HOLIDAYS:
hello frns....... today was my 1st day to 6th sem semster............ so i paved the way for the new era to begin..... yes dats wat i feel coz next semester v guys will b havin placements........... there will be lots of burden ...... lots of pressure on r minds......... today lso i got a shivir thinking dat moment........ but then convincing myself for the better placement as the past semester has build up a new hope , a new faith a new courage to face every bloody situation........ dats wat i feel....... i wish as i could achieve my goal wid all faith in myself and wid my 5 powers i.e my brother like friends studyin wid me:
1. the sandeep sidhu
2.the saurav bansal
3.the sudhanshu gautam
4.the punnet brar
5.the sandup neigi
6. and one of the most powerfull power DAMANPREET SINGH my senior and my neighbour
may god these all gems keep glowing forever
NOW ABOT BLOODY LECTURES:
I’ll describe them after my placement
lol……. U all know y…..
JAGGI SWEETS: after lects we went to our well mainted…. Perfumed wid “finayl” cafeteria…… its horrible to sit there in such an aroma….. its smells like……yakkk……………
I don’t wana spoil yor mood…….. anyways jab pait mein chuhe kood rhe hote hain tow jana hi parta hai……. Then my frnd mr.brar sat facing to door of café commenting a bashfull figured beauty…… lol… but mr.. sidhu acted like a satyavaadi brahmchaari and then agin a chik came and mr. sidhu told “hey guys check out dat milk dipped crispy fragmented gool gool creamy babe…….. and v all had a gr8 laughter…..v all enjoyed a gr8 time as always v do nd v had a gr8 fun after long 15 days holidays.
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